Sangamo Therapeutics said today that the first patient in the Phase I/II CHAMPIONS clinical trial has been treated with its in vivo genome editing candidate therapy SB-913 for mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II), also called Hunter syndrome.
“We are at the start of a new frontier of genomic medicine,” declared Sangamo CEO Sandy Macrae, M.B., Ch.B., Ph.D., in a statement. “For the first time, a patient has received a therapy intended to precisely edit the DNA of cells directly inside the body.”
That patient was 44-year-old Brian Madeux, who told the Associated Press he found being the trial’s first patient “kind of humbling” and added: “I’m willing to take that risk. Hopefully it will help me and other people.”
SB-913 uses Sangamo's zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) genome editing technology to treat MPS II by inserting a corrective gene into a precise location in the DNA of liver cells.
To restrict editing to liver cells, the ZFNs and the corrective gene are delivered in a single intravenous infusion using adno-associated virus (AAV) vectors that target the liver. The ZFNs enter the cells as inactive DNA instructions in a format designed only for liver cells to unlock. Once “unlocked,” the ZFNs then identify, bind to and cut the DNA in a specific location within the albumin gene. Using the cells' natural DNA repair processes, liver cells can then insert the corrective gene for IDS at that precise location.
According to Sangamo, the ability of ZFN to permanently and precisely integrate the therapeutic IDS gene into the DNA differentiates the company’s genome editing approach from conventional AAV cDNA gene therapy, as well as from lenti- or retroviral-based gene therapies that insert genes randomly into the genome.
SB-913 is intended to enable a patient's liver to produce a lifelong and stable supply of an enzyme he or she currently lacks. Absent that enzyme, iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS), people with MPS II experience a debilitating buildup of toxic carbohydrates in cells throughout their body.
According to the NIH, approximately one in 100,000 to one in 170,000 people are born with MPS II. Current standard-of-care treatment consists of weekly infusions of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT)—yet IDS quickly returns to near undetectable levels in the blood in patients within a day of receiving ERT.
Despite ERT infusions, patients endure progressive damage to heart, bones and lungs, with many MPS II patients dying of airway obstruction, upper respiratory infection or heart failure before they reach age 20, stated Paul Harmatz, M.D., a pediatric gastroenterologist and a principal investigator for the CHAMPIONS trial at the UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, where the study’s first patient was treated.
CHAMPIONS (NCT03041324) is an open-label clinical study designed to assess the safety, tolerability and preliminary efficacy of the SB-913 investigational genome editing therapy in up to nine adult males with MPS II. In addition to UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, the study is also screening patients at hospitals that specialize in treating MPS II, including hospitals in Chapel Hill, NC, Chicago, Minneapolis, and Philadelphia.
The primary outcome measure for CHAMPIONS is treatment related adverse events in patients receiving SB-913, as assessed by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE).
Trials for 3 Therapeutics
CHAMPIONS is one of three Phase I clinical trials under way that are designed to assess Sangamo intravenous in vivo genome editing therapeutics. The other two are:
- An ascending dose study of SB-318 in patients with MPS I, also called Hurler or Hurler-Scheie syndrome. (NCT02702115). The study will enroll nine patients, with an estimated primary completion date of January 2020.
- An ascending dose study of SB-FOX in patients with hemophilia B (NCT02695160). The study will enroll 12 patients, with an estimated primary completion date of January 2021.
All three trials use ZFNs designed to edit liver cells at the same location in the albumin gene, but differ in delivering the corrective gene relevant to the respective disease, Sangamo said.
All three of Sangamo's in vivo genome editing product candidates have received Fast Track and Orphan Drug designations from the FDA. In addition, SB-318 for MPS I and SB-913 for MPS II have also received the agency’s Rare Pediatric Disease designations.
“What the field of gene editing has been doing—and Sangamo, in particular—is pushing the sensitivity of the assays used to assess off-target effects,” Edward Rebar, Sangamo’s VP of technology, told Clinical OMICs recently, adding that several such assays are available and widely used, including GUIDE-Seq and CIRCLE-Seq: “As more therapies push toward the clinic, optimizing these become a priority,”